Primary Sources:

“An Automatic Vending Machine.” Scientific American. Feb 29, 1896. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/pqdweb?index=0&did=173490331&SrchMode=2&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1238635620&clientId=4340.

Aranow, Martin. “Complaint on Vending Machines.” New York Times. Oct. 20,1953. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=92758079&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP

“Chewing Gum Bill Rises.” New York Times. July 19, 1928. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=118340512&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP.

Hopkins, Albert A. “Ancient Magic and Modern.” Current Literature. Dec 1897. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/pqdweb?index=5&did=229761181&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1238635544&clientId=4340.

“How Thomas Adams Became a Business Leader When He Invented Chewing Gum Almost by Accident.” A Touch of Business.com. Available from http://www.atouchofbusiness.com/business-topics/success-stories/business-leader-thomas-adams-0035.html. [accessed February 8, 2009].

“Improved Vending-Machine.” Scientific American. June 16, 1900. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/pqdweb?index=0&did=174315841&SrchMode=2&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1238635703&clientId=4340.

McMahon, J.E.. “Jingle of Coins in Pockets Gains: Increases in Sales Taxes, Vending Machines Bring Shift in Money Usage.” New York Times. Sep 27, 1959. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=91422663&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP.

Sharnik, John. “Coin-in-the-Slot: New vending machines are harvesting millions–and the end is not yet.” New York Times. Nov. 13, 1950. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=95020848&sid=4&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP.

Special to the New York Times. ‘Third Evolution’ Seen In Vending Machines.” New York Times. Sep 22, 1968. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=89346100&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP.

Special to the New York Times. “Vending Machine Manufacturers Expect Normal Output This Year.” New York Times. Feb 3, 1947. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=93788037&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP.

“Vending Total to Grow: Machine Producers Look for Trade to Treble in Two Years.” New York Times.  Apr 13, 1931. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=107116069&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP.

Walker, Waldo. “Slot Machines Amass Riches From Pennies.” New York Times. Nov 13, 1927. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=?did=95020848&Fmt=10&clientId=4340&RQT=309&VName=HNP.

Secondary Sources:

Cadbury Adams USA LLC. “Story of Thomas Adams.” I Love Gum – Commemorative Site. Available from http://www.ilovegum.com/Story.html. [accessed February 10, 2009].

Colmer, Michael. The Great Vending Machine Book. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1977.

Drachmann, A.G. The Mechanical Technology of Greek and Roman Antiquity: A Study of the Literary Sources. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, 1963.

Emmins, Colin. Automatic Vending Machines. Cromwell House, UK: Shire Publications Ltd., 1995.

Lee, Lina. “History of Vending Machine.” Ezine Articles. http://ezinearticles.com/?History-of-Vending-Machine&id=99988. [accessed March 30, 2009].

Marks, Norton. Vending Machines: Introduction and Innovation. Austin, TX: University of Texas, 1969.

Marshall, Martin V. Automatic Merchandising; a study of the problems and limitations of vending. Boston, MA: Harvard University, 1954.

Schreiber, G. R. A Concise History of Vending in the U.S.A. Chicago: Vend Magazine of Vending Industry, 1961.

Segrave, Kerry. Vending Machines: An American Social History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2002.

Smith, Roger, ed. Inventions and Inventors. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press: 2002.